The Facts
Goal Setting in Academics
Of all the University students who enroll in a 4-year program 25% never finish, the main reasons being a lack of clear goals. Explicitly setting goals can improve a student’s performance on any given task. Establishing clear goals increases student’s enthusiasm allowing for greater energy to be focused at achieving their goal; goal setting also increases a student’s persistence making individuals less susceptible to anxiety, disappointment, and frustration (Morisano, Hirsh, Peterson, Pihl, and Shore, 2010). Writing out clear and precise goals has been shown to improve student’s grades, help students maintain a full course load, and has shown to be attributed to a positive outlook. The bottom line is goal setting is a must use tool for any student.
How to Set Goals - The Right Way
Specific
When setting goals it is important to be as specific as possible. In academics this can mean establishing the exact grade you wish to achieve in a certain class. The goal should be clear, and easy to visually see on paper. For example,
Goal this Term
1) 87% in Psych 211
Specificity should also apply to how you will achieve your goal. A well thought out plan of action is needed to achieve your goals. What do you need to do tomorrow at 7am to further reach your goal? Strategies should be formulated to help reach your set goal. If you want an 87% in Psych 211, a strategy could involve setting one hour of study time towards that goal prior to practise. Organize and write out a weekly plan that includes the time spent focusing on your goal. It is important to visually see your plan of action in the form of a schedule.
Realistic
Goals need to be reachable. When establishing your goals for the academic term they should be within your potential. Unrealistic goals can lead to a decrease in confidence and low self-esteem. Setting unrealistic goals takes the control away from you. It is like trying to scoop up water with spread fingers, frustrating and deterring. Make sure when establishing your goals they are not farfetched, but don’t short change yourself also. In formulation, your goals and plan of action, know that it will take commitment and hard work to reach your potential and achieve your goal.
Challenging
A realistic challenging goal can be a motivational tool. Your goals should not be easy to achieve. Challenging goals demand high levels of performance compared to easy goals. In order to achieve your full potential your goals need to be challenging.
Time
It is important to establish when your goal needs to be completed by. For academics this may already be established for you in the course outline. When formulating your plan of action the completion date of your goal is necessary. The completion date informs you how much time you have left, which is vital when tracking your progress. If you realize you are reaching your completion date too quickly and have not progressed, you can re-establish your plan of action to ensure you have a better chance of achieving your goal.
It is important to note the difference between short-term and long-term goals. Long-term goals should be the end result, as stated before, for example, getting that 87% in Psych 211. But, short- term goals can be used to get you there. You can establish short-term goals as sub goals to your one main, long-term goal. For example,
Goal this Term
1) 87% in Psych 211
a. 92% in first Essay (worth 15% of final mark)
By setting short-term goals that progress to your long-term goal you can chart accomplishments and stay motivated.
Visually Display Your Goals
Goals need to be written out and placed where you can see them every day. It is a well-known fact that if you are visually exposed to your goals every day, you have a far greater chance of achieving them. Type or write out your goals and place them in an area in your room or house you frequently visit. If your goals are private to you, simply place them on the back of the door to your room.
Keep Track of Your Progress
Keeping track of your progress is important during your plan of action. Frequently examine if you are progressing towards reaching your goal. If you are not on the right track, you may need to rethink your plan of action or consult a coach. If you are not even close to reaching your goal, you may want to consider readjusting your goal. Instead of losing motivation, new goals can be established from where you currently are in your progress.
After the completion of your goal allow yourself to experience accomplishment, but also evaluate what got you there. What strategies worked for you and which ones didn’t? Use these strategies to be more effective and productive towards your next goal.
Review the Steps
Establish specific, realistic goals and visually display them
Formulate a plan of action including a time frame counting down the day of completion
Keep track of your progress during your plan of action and evaluate strategies upon completion
Referrals
Having a coach gives you someone to provide feedback, give direction, hold you accountable, and to encourage your success. The focus is on YOU and how you will personally achieve your goals. Take a look at where you are right now and then consider where you want to be. Your coach will help you get there. For a free consultation, I have a few openings for coaching clients, you can contact me at jsvec@etrackhealth.com
About the Author
JOSHUA SVEC is an ADHD coach and student athlete coach, the co-author of The Adhd Fix (www.theadhdfix.com) and Director of The ADHD Academy (coming January, 2012).
Twitter: @joshuasvec
Work Cited
Morisano, D., Hirsh, J. B., Peterson, J. B., Pihl, R. O., & Shore, B. M. (2010). Setting, elaborating, and reflecting on personal goals improves academic performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(2), 255-264.